
Quantum technologies are a suite of emerging tools and systems that exploit the unique principles of quantum mechanics. Unlike classical technologies, which rely on binary bits (0 or 1), quantum technologies use quantum bits or qubits that can exist in multiple states simultaneously due to phenomena like superposition and entanglement.
These technologies promise to revolutionise industries by solving complex problems that are currently beyond the reach of classical computers, enhancing security and enabling new scientific discoveries. One critical implication of this advancement is the “harvest now, decrypt later” threat, where adversaries intercept and store encrypted data today with the intent of decrypting it in the future using quantum computers.
Quantum technologies are rapidly evolving from academic research to commercialisation, backed by significant public and private investment worldwide.
With just under €13 bn (31% of global investments), Europe is the second largest investor in quantum technologies (Source: IQBN).
Quantum technologies are divided into three main technologies: