• The aim of this report is to provide an overview of current and forecasted supercomputing market trends to better understand the technological and service evolutions to come, who the current technology provision key players on the market are and how Europe, and more specifically Luxembourg, are positioning themselves compared to other international contenders.    
• The supercomputing market reached a total revenue of $34,8 bn in 2021. It was dominated by United States and China based technologies, solutions and services providers. Government, research, computer-aided engineering, defence and biosciences applications generated most revenue that year. Key players noticeably include companies such as Lenovo, HPE, Dell Technologies and NVIDIA.    
• Europe currently owns 24.2% of supercomputer system shares (active machines) available globally. Europe’s shares are spread across 16 countries among which can be cited Germany, France, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands. Luxembourg owns 0.4% of the world’s supercomputer system shares and ranks 25th out of 34 referenced countries.    
• Although Europe plans for the acquisition of two Exascale supercomputing systems by 2023 and of a hybrid combination of high performance computing (HPC) and quantum computing infrastructure by 2027, it lacks European solutions providers able to compete with United States providers such as Google and Amazon Web Services.    
• Analyses of supercomputing market forecasts tend to highlight four major trends shaping the future: 

- a slow shift in supercomputing deployment schemes towards a hybrid deployment model; 
- the development of high performance computing as a service; 
- an increasing use of artificial intelligence (AI) powered applications in combination with supercomputing; and 
- a ramping up of supercomputing in the healthcare sector, which is predicted to generate the most revenue as an application sector in the coming years.    

• The major benefits of supercomputing for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are time and cost savings. However, security concerns, a lack of awareness and the scarcity of highly skilled personnel current hamper the adoption of supercomputing among SMEs.